Personal traits and distinctive characteristics, is what make a culture unique among itself. Culture is how people within a group of like attitudes, behaviors, and symbols are communally within a certain division or sect of people that normally is in a like fashion from one to the next (Feist, 2009). Put in other terms culture is not composition humanity rather a group of hereditary attributes like a person’s race, or a common inherited beginning, that will include, but not always, language, or religion. However, additional backgrounds will construct the continuing characteristics that make up culture. Culture is not as simple as the few items on this list, yet an all-inclusive clarification of culture is becoming harder to define. Cross-culture Psychology is a psychological culture of intertwining relationships, crossing the boundaries of race, religion, foods, methodologies and the role that critical thinking plays a part in cross culture psychology.
Relationships Between Cross-culture Psychology
Shiraev & Levy (2010) distinguishes Cross-culture Psychology as, the comparative and critical study of culture effecting of the psychology in humans. Cross-culture psychology is completely concerned with the assessment of the psychological underlying of two or more cultures of assessment. Comparisons can include connections between behavior and the social norm of a society or how interrelated effects of different socio-cultural forces, of how people’s activity influences the culture. Alternatively, Cross-cultural psychology is fascinated with the mission of finding a common link between populations and the culture. Critically evaluating similarities and differences that separate cultures, cultural psychology searches to explain the psychological interaction that takes place between individuals, groups and the culture from which they come. The primary rule of cultural psychology is that human behavior is not exclusive, and that behavior will not become completely detached from its socio-cultural groundwork.
Cultural psychologists search for the philosophy that human behavior is simple, and explained through physiological, genetic, and biochemically to invent an approach in junk science (Berry, 2004). Both psychological disciplines overlap considerably because of the interaction of individuals’ culture is dominant to understanding the comparison between multiple cultures and the difference adequate to merit two different fields of Psychology.
The Role of Critical Thinking in Cross-culture Psychology
By nature, both words are explanatory and evaluative. Each word is concurrently objective depiction and biased evaluations (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Critical thinking reveals deep thoughts of how people think or reason. Each offers a paramount variable derives its own direction of language. Descriptions are impartial, to one another. Personal biases influence our language, judgments, and values. Yet, neither reflects objective truth, by recognizing other people’s value through their behaviors, language. Critical thinking offers a remedy to the downfalls of language. Other bias and skewed occurrences that critical thinking is helpful is by differentiating between fundamental acknowledgment, self-fulfilling insight, the difference between cause and connection, naturalistic fallacy, and the belief perseverance effect. This is not a complete list, yet to give a complete list is a long one. However, the examples cover a wide fallacies and biases, which are noted through critical thinking.
Methodology Associated with Cross-culture Psychology
Cross-culture Psychology follows a bedrock method of describing, explaining, and predicting: describe the major differences and similarities between the cultures, explain the underlying factors that affect the examined psychological phenomenon, and finally predict the factors that would bring about the optimal outcome (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). In addition, there are two major divisions of research in the field of Cross-culture Psychology: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative measures of central tendency deviance, variance, to depict human behavior. Whereas, the qualitative approach searches for an explanation numerous types of unseen behavior like dreams for instance. Three approaches that researchers use when experimenting in Cross-culture Psychology, the application leaning strategy applying the results of one culture to another, and the comparative strategy comparing similarities and differences of certain cultures. Methodology has a huge impact on how the research in Cross-culture Psychology is examines raw material. This includes observation, the survey, experimental, analysis, and focus groups. Each method helps to distinguish a type of situation. For instance, the survey is to gather quantitative information about how many times people eat on a daily basis in two contrasting cultures. However, David & Susan (2001) push further and posit that, “…strong theoretical and conceptual frameworks are needed, integrating constructs from the different research traditions and disciplines” (p. 45) the loss narrows the research techniques and builds the diverse framework to compare different cultures.
Conclusion
Cross-culture psychology is a comparison of psychological foundation of human behavior, and the ability to acquire knowledge across cultures. Furthermore, Cross-culture psychology is separate from cultural psychology because, Cross-culture psychology is primarily a style of comparison of cultures. Whereas, cultural psychology questions how culture affects psychology, in additionally, the methods Cross-culture psychology are either quantitative or qualitative research, making both either the psychological fields a slanting strategy. Culture itself is a complicated psychological occurrence that has more than a simple collection of genetic, physiological, and biochemical, dynamics socially, psychologically, and cognitive. The nature of Cross-culture Psychology is not an exact science. However, the information gathered using the above methods, and more the science of Cross-culture Psychology is a science that is although not completely in its infancy, is beginning to become very relevant to the world we now live, work, learn do business, and grow. The twenty-first century will only bring more improved information to the study of Cross-culture Psychology as the world becomes smaller because of the electronic age. With better communication throughout the world, and a better understanding of people their traditions, the languages, and dialects and so on, one day each culture may understand one another, which will soon help narrow the gaps ever smaller.
References
Journal of cross-cultural psychology (2004). Journal of Psychology and Theology, 32(1), 60, from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Beerli-Palacio, A., Martin-Santana, J.D. (2008). Why attitudes toward advertising are not universal: Cultural explanations. Journal of Euro marketing, 17(3/4), 159-181, from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Berry, J. (2004). The psychological foundations of culture. Canadian Psychology, 45(4), 315, from. Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
David L., & Susan F.G. (2001). An integrative framework for cross-cultural consumer behavior. International Marketing Review, 18 (1), 45, from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Feist, J. &. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2010). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications (4th ed.), Boston, Pearson,Allyn Bacon.
