An earthquake is a violent shaking in the Earth’s crust. It is caused by a sudden release of tectonic stress within rocks along a geologic fault line, or from volcanic activity. A great deal is known about where earthquakes are likely to occur but predicting when a quake will happen is difficult. If you live in an area where earthquakes are a possibility, it is best to plan ahead.
Before the Quake
* When you build, get expert advice about the best construction options to withstand earthquake damage.
* Heavy objects such as stoves, refrigerators or tall furniture should be affixed to floors or walls if possible.
* Select a place of shelter under a piece of sturdy furniture: a table, a bed , a bench or a doorway.
During the Quake
* Don’t panic. Stay calm and assess the situation.
* If you are at home, move to your predetermined place of shelter.
* Stay away from windows, mirrors, chimneys, high shelves, sliding furniture and shower doors.
* If in a crowded building, do not rush for an exit. You may be crushed by a panicky mob.
* If you’re in an elevator or tunnel, move to an open area as quickly as safety permits.
* Stop if you are in a moving vehicle, but not on a bridge or overpass. Park away from tall buildings. Choose an open area and stay in the vehicle until the shaking stops.
* If you are outside, stay there. Walk away from high buildings, walls, tall trees, steep slopes, power poles and lamp posts.
After the Quake
* Check for casualties and call for help if necessary.
* Check for fire. Do not start any fresh fires.
* If the water supply is damaged, shut off the main water valve.
* If you suspect a gas leak, open windows and shut off the main gas valve.
* Do not use the telephone except in an emergency.
* Carefully leave the building; there may be structural damage. Stairways may be unsafe. Avoid crowded exits.
* Move to an open area. There may be aftershocks.
* If you are walking, watch for fallen electrical wires and stay away from them.
* If you are in your car, and live wires have fallen across your vehicle, remain where you are. Cars are usually well insulated and unless you touch charged metal, you will be safe until help arrives.
* If you are close to the sea, head for high ground, in case a tsunami has been generated.
If you follow these guidelines, you’ll have the best chance of surviving an earthquake. Forget your material belongings. They are replaceable. You, your loved ones, your friends and neighbors are not. If you live in an earthquake zone, planning ahead, staying calm during the event and acting prudently and purposefully afterwards, can save lives and prevent injuries, both to yourself and to others who experience Earth’s destructive tremors along with you.
