Walkable neighbourhoods have several advantages over communities planned in the common car-friendly way. In many instances, the local community will be involved in the design process. There are aspects of a walkable neighbourhood that require careful consideration if the planning phase is to lead to a successful design.
The ideal walkable neighbourhood is one where no vehicles other than bicycles are allowed. In reality, there will be times when some kind of vehicle will need access to the homes in the neighbourhood. This must be included in the planning stage. Emergency vehicles must have adequate access in order to put out fires, rescue the sick etc.
Walkable neighbourhoods are a good way for developers to get as many housing units into a space as possible. Cars and roads take up a considerable amount of room in any housing project. Alternatively, it can allow larger homes to be built, instead of many small homes.
The phrase “if you build it, they will come” is not true of unusual planning, and walkable neighbourhoods fall into this category. If the walkways, buildings and other design features are not welcoming, perceived to be safe, and are also practical, then the homes will be difficult to sell or rent.
It may seem like a good idea to have all the houses facing each other with straight paths running down the centre of a small strip of grass. However, this means that anyone standing at their window will be able to see directly into their neighbour’s home. It is important to have a range of housing unit styles in the overall design, as well as different levels and having the homes facing in all different directions.
Straight paths allow a good line of vision and humans like to see what is up ahead. Too many straight paths appear hard on the eye. Break up paths with curves, but avoid 90 degree corners wherever possible. The edges of paths can be softened with trees and shrubs, but again in order for the residents to feel safe, the plants must not be so high or dense that you cannot see over or through them.
When planning paths, think about the natural routes that people will take between their homes and any other features in the design. If the paths are not in the most obvious location, humans will find their own routes which can quickly turn a lush grassy patch into a muddy track. You should also include several areas of open grass space for community recreation.
Paving options are important when designing a walkable neighbourhood. Sustainable materials such as bark chippings can add texture and colour to the overall design. Lighting is equally important to the design. In some areas, discrete lighting may be more appropriate than conventional street lights, but other areas will need to be well lit.
Finally, keep in mind that a good community contains individuals of all ages and abilities. It also needs close access to amenities such as shops, schools and health care. For those less able to walk very far, housing should be provided close to the amenities they are most likely to use.
