Gabapentin, also known by the brand name of Neurontin, is an antiepileptic medication that is frequently prescribed to treat partial seizures in adults. This medication prevents seizures by increasing the amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical in the brain associated with a reduction in the risk of having seizures. This drug also is used to treat individuals with chronic pain syndromes like postherpetic neuralgia (pain resulting from shingles), diabetic neuropathy and other neuropathic pain disturbances.
Common Effects
There are side effects that frequently occur when taking gabapentin. During clinical trials, up to 28 percent of participants taking this medication experienced dizziness. Lethargy (somnolence) was another frequently reported side effect in up to 21.4 percent of participants. Ataxia, a lack of motor coordination resulting in the appearance of clumsiness and unsteadiness was reported in 12.5 percent of those studied. Generalized fatigue or weakness occurred in 11 percent of the participants, as well as peripheral edema in 8.3 percent. These effects, whether considered independently or in combination, indicate that individuals should be cautious in performing complex tasks or activities until the extent of these side effects are known. For example, movements such as changing positions suddenly or brisk walking should begin slowly to prevent a fall or accident. These symptoms are considered mild to moderate and usually dissipate with time; however, if an adverse reaction persists, contact your physician so adjustments can be made.
Psychological Effects
A serious side effect experienced by some patients is suicidal thinking. According to the National Library of Medicine, data from 199 clinical trials of medications of the same type as gabapentin were evaluated. The results indicated that participants on gabapentin and similar medications had approximately twice the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior, compared to participants that were randomly assigned to the placebo group. Additionally, research conducted with participants aged 3 to 12 years of age, showed that 7.6 percent of the participants displayed hostility during the trial. Therefore, it is essential that children and adults taking this drug be closely monitored, especially if the patient has a medical history of major depression or other psychiatric problems.
Sensory Effects
Some side effects affecting one’s vision may be experienced. For example, nystagmus (involuntary movement of the eyes) occurred during the trials in up to 8.3 percent of those studied. Additionally, diplopia (seeing double) occurred in up to 5.9 percent, and amblyopia (blurred vision) was reported during clinical trials in up to 4.2 percent of the participants. Minor ear effects also were documented, including ear pain (otitis media) and trouble hearing. Vision problems can become serious if they continue, therefore it is important to let the prescribing physician know if trouble seeing persists. Adjustments in medication dosage may be needed, or a consultation with an ophthalmologist if symptoms continue.
About this Author
A.M. Tacon Ph.D. is an associate professor of health at Texas Tech University. Research interests include psychosocial factors in cancer, complementary therapies, and stress reduction in individuals with cancer. Dr. Tacon runs Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction programs for women with breast cancer which is based on various forms of mindfulness meditation.
