Varenicline is a prescription medication and smoking cessation aid. Varenicline, approved for individuals 18 years and older, works by targeting nicotine receptors in the brain and attaching to them. Nicotine is blocked from reaching these receptors, which reduces cravings and the pleasurable effects of tobacco. Varenicline also blocks nicotine receptors, which causes a decrease in dopamine release. Serious adverse effects can occur in some individuals who use varenicline. Before taking varenicline, it is important to talk with your doctor about the different options available to help with quitting smoking.
Common Side Effects
The most common side effects of varenicline are nausea, vomiting, constipation and flatulence. Nausea may subside, but in some patients it persists throughout the 12-week treatment. Varenicline has been reported to cause sleep disturbances, including abnormal and vivid dreams. These side effects are not life threatening. The FDA, however, warned that serious side effects such as heart rhythm disturbances, seizures, diabetes, skin reactions, vision disturbances, dizziness and mental confusion can occur. The Federal Aviation Act has banned the use of varenicline by pilots. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration no longer grants individuals taking varenicline a commercial driver’s license.
Psychiatric Side Effects
In February 2008, the Food and Drug Administration issued an alert warning of the potential severe psychiatric symptoms related to taking varenicline. Symptoms include depressed mood, aggression, agitation, anxiety, hallucinations and changes in behavior. These serious psychiatric symptoms have been reported in individuals with and without a prior history of mental illness. It is important to alert your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
RIsk Of Suicide
Between May 2006 and February 2007, the Food and Drug Administration received 227 reports of suicidal thoughts and behaviors related to varenicline, including 28 cases of suicide and 41 cases of homicidal thoughts. The Food and Drug Administration has required a “Black Box” label alerting consumers of potential serious adverse effect, including suicide. Some individuals experienced black outs while taking varenicline, especially when combined with alcohol. Before combining varenicline with another medication, including over-the-counter medication, it is important to talk with your doctor about potential drug interactions.
About this Author
Shelly Guillory has been a registered nurse for seven years, specializing in the areas of oncology, infectious disease, and psychiatric nursing. Guillory has been writing for six years and is currently pursing degrees in journalism and photography at the University of Utah.
