Overview
According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), a stress fracture is a small crack in a bone that often develops from overuse. In addition, studies show that athletes who participate in tennis, track and field, gymnastics, dance, and basketball are at the highest risk. This occurs because tired muscles can no longer absorb the shock on your foot from these activities and instead transfers this shock to your bones. Most stress fractures are treated with conservative measures, but surgery may be necessary.
Rest
Rest is the best initial treatment for a stress fracture. The AAOS recommends that you take a break from the activity that likely caused the stress fracture. This will allow your body to go to work in healing your stress fracture. Unfortunately, it can take six to eight weeks for a stress fracture to heal, but you do not have to cease all physical activity. Try to participate in non-weight bearing activities, such as swimming and biking. In addition, schedule an appointment with your doctor so an X-ray can be taken and proper further treatment options can be discussed.
Medications
The Mayo Clinic states that over-the-counter (OTC) or prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications may be used to treat a stress fracture. These medications work by altering chemical signals that are related to pain and inflammation. Calming down the inflammatory processes related to a stress fracture can speed up the healing process and promote a healthy recovery. Tell your doctor what medications you are taking, because overusing these types of medicines can result in serious side effects that include stomach or intestinal bleeding.
Protective Footwear
In order for your stress fracture to heal, stress must be reduced on your foot. Therefore, your doctor may prescribe a stiff-soled shoe, a wooden-soled sandal or a removable short-leg fracture brace, states the AAOS. This protective footwear will help to stabilize the injured bone to ensure that proper healing takes place. Wear protective footwear anytime you are walking, which includes walking indoors.
Surgical Procedures
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary, states the Mayo Clinic. Specifically, the AAOS states that your surgeon will internally fix the damaged bone in your foot with a fastener, pins, screws or plates. After surgery, you may need to use crutches or a walking boot until the fractured bone has healed. Then you will be able to slowly begin bearing weight on your foot.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy may be necessary to help you gain strength and increase flexibility in your foot, states the Mayo Clinic. Your doctor will write a prescription for you to attend physical therapy two to three times a week for three to four weeks. Your first few visits may be difficult because manipulations of your foot and exercises can be painful. Ask your doctor which medication you should take before your physical therapy session. Over time, your pain during therapy will improve as your foot muscles become stronger and more flexible. Make a commitment to attend all sessions and perform recommended home exercises to optimize your recovery.
About this Author
Jacques Courseault is a fourth-year medical student who plans to practice physical medicine and rehabilitation. He is the fitness editor for Dr.Gourmet.com, founder and writer of Exercise Menu, and co-founder of Don’t Weight to Lose.
