Hand sanitizers are soaps that contain isopropyl or ethyl alcohol. Although they are convenient and effective against a number of bacteria and viruses, hand sanitizers carry some potential risks, such as skin or eye irritation, risk of fire, alcohol poisoning upon ingestion. Fortunately, it is possible to obtain the benefits of hand sanitizers while decreasing the risks by following some basic precautionary measures.
Alcohol Poisoning
Most effective hand sanitizers contain between 60 and 90 percent alcohol, which is sufficient to cause alcohol poisoning upon ingestion. Children are at especially high risk, because they are more likely to put their hands in their mouths or handle food before the product evaporates. According to CNN Health, a 2 ounce bottle of hand sanitizer may contain as much alcohol as four shots of vodka.
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning may include intoxication, dizziness, slurred speech, blurry vision, vomiting and coma. To help prevent alcohol poisoning from hand sanitizers, use a dime-sized amount and supervise children when using hand sanitizers containing alcohol. Wait until the product has dried before handling food, and avoid hand-to-mouth contact directly after use.
Fire
Because of the high alcohol content, some hand sanitizers may carry a mild risk of flammability. According to the New York City Department of Health, alcohol-based hand sanitizers should not be used near heat or flame, as they may pose a fire hazard.
To avoid the risk of fire, store alcohol-based hand sanitizers in a cool, dry area away from direct heat sources and open flames. Avoid smoking or using a lighter directly after applying hand sanitizer, and wait for the product to dry thoroughly before striking matches or handling other fire-producing materials.
Bacterial Resistance
According to the Mayo Clinic, frequent use of hand sanitizer may lead to an increased risk for developing treatment-resistant bacteria. The same is true of oral antibiotics like penicillin, which should be used sparingly in order to maintain their effectiveness against various strains of bacteria.
Using hand sanitizers only when soap and water is not readily available may help reduce the risk for developing and spreading treatment-resistant bacteria. It is not effective when dirt and food particles are present under the nails and may give a false sense of cleanliness, allowing germs to spread. Soap and water are needed to remove dirt and buildup and should be the first line of defense against bacteria and other germs whenever possible.
Skin and Eye Irritation
The alcohol in hand sanitizers can cause a stinging or burning sensation when applied to cuts, scrapes and sensitive skin. Alcohol has a drying effect and may cause a worsening of dry skin and certain skin conditions like eczema. When it comes into contact with the eyes, severe irritation, tearing and redness may occur.
People with dry or sensitive skin should apply moisturizing lotions or creams frequently when using hand sanitizer. Avoid contact with eyes, and flush thoroughly with cool water if contact occurs. It may be necessary to contact a physician if eye irritation is severe.
