Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal disorder that has unknown causes. IBS symptoms include abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and gas. University of North Carolina School of Medicine researchers published an article in the “Journal of the American Dietetic Association” (JADA) in 2009 that reviewed the connection between IBS and diet. They reported that diet worsens symptoms in 25 percent of individuals with IBS. There is no specific diet for IBS; however, some foods have a history of exacerbating symptoms and should be approached cautiously until a person knows how he will respond.
Insoluble Fiber
There are two types of fiber—insoluble and soluble—and each affects IBS differently. According to the International Foundation of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD), insoluble fiber may worsen IBS symptoms and should be limited. Insoluble fiber adds bulk to stool and is found in whole grains, dried beans, wheat bran and vegetables. Soluble fiber, on the other hand, may alleviate constipation associated with IBS, according to the “JADA” article and is found in fruits and vegetables, white rice, pasta, nuts and seeds. The Mayo Clinic states that some individuals with IBS benefit from taking fiber supplements that cause less gas and bloating.
Alcohol, Caffeine and Carbonation
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), caffeinated and carbonated beverages should be limited or avoided with IBS. The Mayo Clinic recommends water as the best fluid for IBS because alcohol and caffeine can cause diarrhea, and carbonation produces gas.
High Fat Foods
High fat foods like fried foods and foods cooked with a lot of fat or cream can cause cramping and diarrhea in IBS, and should be limited or avoided. A low-fat diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, lean meats, poultry, fish and seafood, and low-fat dairy products.
Other Foods
Other foods that may worsen IBS symptoms, according to the Mayo Clinic and IFFGD, are chocolate, artificial sweeteners, chewing gum, raisins and gas-producing vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, beans, onions, legumes and broccoli. Individuals with IBS who are also lactose intolerant should be extremely cautious when consuming dairy products, as they can cause diarrhea, gas and cramping.
About this Author
Bethany Fong is a registered dietitian and chef from Honolulu, Hawaii. She has produced a variety of health education materials on multiple topics relating to wellness, and worked in many industries, including clinical dietetics, food service management and public health.
