Overview
Hyperpigmentation of the skin occurs when too much melanin is produced and creates deposits on the surface of the skin, leading to dark spots, according to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. It is a relatively harmless condition, although it can cause embarrassment or low self-esteem in those who suffer from it. Deep skin peels, a type of chemical peel, can reduce or eliminate the appearance of the dark spots.
Causes of Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is typically caused by aging and years of overexposure to the sun, although other factors can also cause dark spots. Melasma, also called “the mask of pregnancy,” can cause dark brown patches on the skin and is often found in pregnant women or those taking oral contraceptives. Some diseases, such as adrenal disorders and liver disease, can also cause hyperpigmentation. Certain medications, including anti-malarials and anti-anxiety drugs, can change the color of skin as well.
Skin Peels
There are several different types of skin peels, including some found over the counter in drugstores, but a professional peel requires the use of chemicals to remove the top layer of dead skin and reveal the underlying healthy tissue. These chemicals include alpha hydroxy acids, trichloroacetic acid or phenol, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Phenol peels are the most aggressive and are used in deep skin peels.
Candidates
Deep skin peels are not recommended for everyone. They can leave the skin with a bleached appearance and are not suited for those with darker skin tones. Those with freckles should avoid skin peels because the result can appear uneven, as the phenol will strip the freckles. They are more suited for patients with a lighter tone who wish to treat the entire face rather than just certain spots. Patients with heart conditions may not be able to receive deep skin peels. The benefits can last years—even decades—making this option attractive for those who do not want to endure repeat visits to the dermatologist.
Risks
Deep skin peels carry greater risks and side effects than the more mild alpha hydroxy or medium trichloroacetic acid peels. Skin may lose its ability to tan after a phenol peel and will need to be protected from the sun more carefully. The skin will be swollen, red and painful for several days after the procedure before crusting and peeling to reveal the new skin underneath. Full recovery can take months, in some cases.
Cost
Deep phenol skin peels are the most expensive of the chemical skin peels available. As of 2010, the cost ranges from $2,500 to $6,000, according to DocShop.com. This typically includes the initial consultation, dermatologist fee, anesthesia and follow-up care. Because it is considered a cosmetic procedure, it is generally not covered by health insurance, although some exceptions may apply if the peel is used to remove cancerous growths or eliminate certain types of scarring. Financing may also be available through the dermatologist.
About this Author
Based in East Stroudsburg, Pa., Nicole Etolen has been a writer for 15 years, with articles appearing in “Lehigh Valley Bridal Magazine,” “A Reader’s Guide to the Underground Press” and numerous independent publications. Etolen took journalism courses at Northampton Community College. She is also a certified nursing assistant and former Northampton Community College nursing student.
