It is estimated that between 40 and 50 million Americans suffer from allergies, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. The Mayo Clinic states that an allergic reaction occurs when a person’s body does not recognize a particular substance such as pollen, pet dander or dust mites. The body releases antibodies and histamine to fight off the intruding substance, producing common allergic reactions throughout the body. The most common signs of an allergy are eye irritation, nasal reactions and skin reactions. A person experiencing severe or chronic allergy signs should seek medical advice.
Eye Irritation
The most common allergy signs in the eyes are redness, itchy, watery and dry eyes. A person may experience excessive tears from one or both eyes. In severe allergic reactions, the area around the eyes may become swollen and discolored, looking like a black-and-blue, termed “allergic shiner”. Eye irritation from allergies can lead to a more serious condition such as allergic conjunctivitis or eye infection, according to PENN State. An eye infection is a serious condition that can lead to loss of sight temporarily or permanently. Typical treatment for conjunctivitis is prescribed antibiotic eye drops and the use of an oral antihistamine.
Nasal Reactions
Sinus congestion, nasal discharge and nasal obstruction are all common signs of an allergy. Sinus congestion may be the result of inflamed and swollen sinus cavities, known as sinusitis, or it can be the result of excess mucus in the sinuses. Nasal discharge is a common sign of an allergic reaction. Nasal discharge may develop into a runny nose or postnasal drip. A runny nose from an allergic reaction is thin and clear, while a runny nose from the common cold is thick and yellow. Postnasal drip is the continual dripping of mucus in the back of the throat and can cause a sour stomach, a cough and chest congestion. Nasal obstruction can limit a person’s ability to breathe properly through the nostrils, resulting in interrupted sleep and mouth-breathing.
Skin Reactions
The two most common skin reactions as a sign of an allergic reaction are hives and eczema. Hives are a spontaneous skin reaction to an allergen that causes red, itchy bumps in various parts of the body. Many times hives can last for a few minutes or up to 36 hours, according to the Mayo Clinic. Most cases of hives are treated with an oral or topical antihistamine. Eczema is a pre-existing condition, mainly in children. An allergic reaction can cause an eczema flare-up, leading to severe itching on the skin with weeping and crusted-over bumps. Eczema is also treated with oral antihistamines to reduce the allergic reaction and a prescribed topical corticosteroid cream.
About this Author
Emily DeSerio has been a freelance writer since November 2009. DeSerio works in the mental health field as a clinical social worker. She began her higher level education at the University of South Florida (USF) with a B.A. in English and went on to complete a Master of Social Work degree at USF as well.
