Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a devastating diagnosis, with death normally following in a matter of months. The exact cause is unknown but abnormal proteins in the brain are known to be involved. Both the mind and the body are ultimately affected; in most cases mild cognitive symptoms occur first. Sufferers usually succumb to pneumonia or another complication related to the disease progression. PDR Health reports that around 200 Americans are diagnosed with CJD each year.
Memory Loss
Memory loss is the main symptom of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Early signs may include difficulty concentrating on tasks and poor judgment. Memory lapses follow and problem-solving abilities begin to decline. Confusion and hallucinations are often present within several months, leaving the patient unable to care for himself. He is usually incontinent and in need of help to eat and bathe.
Behavioral Changes
Many patients with CJD become quiet early in the disease process. They withdraw from daily activities without explanation and seem to have no interest in former hobbies. The sufferer may appear depressed to loved ones. Some patients experience other variations of personality change.
Muscular Problems
The disease impairs muscular coordination. It often begins as sudden difficulty walking or frequent dropping of objects. Dizziness may worsen the ability to ambulate. Uncontrollable muscle jerks and spasms are ultimately present.
Visual Impairment
Blurry vision may be an early symptom of CJD or it may occur a few months later. Many patients eventually go blind, worsening their confusion and social withdrawal.
Insomnia
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke explains that some patients experience difficulty sleeping. This can lead to confused late-night wandering and increased likelihood of falls.
Loss of Appetite
Loss of appetite is also symptomatic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This is likely a part of the mental deterioration process.
Coma
Patients who do not fall victim to pneumonia or another complication eventually lapse into a coma. Prior to this, they often experience difficulty speaking. Speaking ability deteriorates until the patient is mute. Swallowing also becomes increasingly difficult. The victim may become unable to move her muscles at all.
