Potassium is involved in many essential body functions, including blood and body fluid balance, energy and metabolism, synthesis of important molecules, nerve conduction, pH balance, muscle contraction and regulation of heart function. When potassium levels in the body are low, any or all of these systems may be adversely affected. Common signs of potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) are muscle weakness or cramping, skin problems, cardiovascular problems and central nervous system disturbance.
Muscle Weakness
As noted in the textbook “Cecil Medicine,” potassium plays an important role in the conduction of the impulses from the nerves to the muscles and also in the contraction of the muscles themselves. When the body is depleted of potassium, these two important processes are disrupted, causing muscle cramping and weakness.
Skin Problems
Potassium is one of the three principle minerals involved in the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. Because of its role these processes, potassium deficiency can lead to dryness of the skin, acne and other skin problems.
Cardiovascular
Potassium levels normally are measured with a blood test. However, potassium is so important to the normal functioning of the heart that a deficiency can be recognized as a distinct pattern in an ECG. A 2009 article in the “Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” outlines how prolonged hypokalemia can lead to an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). Another cardiovascular sequel of potassium deficiency is irregular blood pressure.
Central Nervous System Disturbance
A 1998 article in the “New England Journal of Medicine” illustrates how decreased potassium levels in the body have various effects on the central nervous system. These effects may vary in severity and can include fatigue, confusion, anxiety, memory loss, sleep disturbance and ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
About this Author
Dr. Mark Kaushal is the founder of MedEdPathways, a Chicago-based educational consultancy, and sits on the board of two nonprofit organizations. A summa cum laude graduate, he obtained his M.D. in 1999, and is also a certified Reiki master. He has been writing health-related articles for more than 10 years. His educational work has been highlighted in the Chicago Tribune and USA Today.
