Asperger disorder (known as “Asperger’s”) is considered to be one of the autism spectrum disorders. This term is used to encompass a group of developmental disorders that have similar symptoms of abnormal communication, social interaction and behavior. Patients with Asperger’s are often considered to be on the “higher functioning” end of the spectrum because their language skills are normal, so they are generally able to communicate with others. However, they may still have developmental issues including extremely rigid behavior and lack of interest in socializing. Toddlers (approximately ages 1 to 4), may not show specific symptoms, but certain behavioral abnormalities may be noted.
Delayed Pointing
One of the developmental milestones of the first year of life is to be able to point to a desired object. By one year of age, a child will probably be pointing to objects that interest him. However, a toddler with Asperger’s may not reach this milestone until later.
Delayed Use of Gestures
Actions such as waving or giving a toy when asked seem like simple tasks. However, to a child with Asperger’s, these simple gestures may not occur “on schedule” and may instead be delayed. This is because such gestures involve interaction between the child and another person; such social interactions are difficult for the child with Asperger’s.
Delayed Concept of Joint Attention
The idea of joint attention is the rather abstract concept that two people–for instance, the toddler and his parent–can be focused on the same thing. An example of joint attention is looking at a picture in a book together. A toddler with Asperger’s may have a hard time getting this concept.
Repetitive Behaviors
Repetitive interests and behaviors are defining components of the diagnosis of Asperger’s. However, repetitive interests are actually quite normal in toddlers. While it is very difficult to determine with such young children, some signs that behaviors and interests have crossed the line from “normal toddler who loves trucks” to “concerning toddler who seems too wrapped up in trucks” may be noted. These include a very specific interest (not just “trucks” but “the front bumper of trucks”); an interest that is unusual compared to her peers (a 3-year-old who intensely focuses on brooms); and an inability to shift focus from the area of interest to other things.
Symptoms Related to an Associated Condition
Though there is still a lot of research that must be done, it seems that certain disorders may be associated with Asperger’s; that is, children who have Asperger’s may be at higher risk for having other disorders. For instance, a study out of Emory University found that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was often seen in a population of children with Asperger’s. So a toddler with Asperger’s may also show symptoms of ADHD. Other conditions that have been found in children with Asperger’s include anxiety disorder and depression.
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