On multicellular eukaryotes there are two types of cell division, mitotic (consist of mitosis and cytokinesis) and meiosis, the major use of mitosis is for division at autonomous cell, meiosis is for division at reproduction cell. The differences between mitosis and meiosis are:
a. Mitosis
Mitotic is one process from four cell division cycle (G1, G2, and DNA synthesis), mitotic only consume 10% from the total time needed for cell division. Mitosis and cytokinesis are part from mitotic cell cycle, but the process of mitosis and cytokinesis don’t happen at the same time because mitosis need to divide the nucleus and its content become two daughter nuclei first, then cytokinesis divide the cytoplasm become two. After the process mitosis and cytokinesis, the mitotic phase become complete and produce two identical cells with each of that cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Mitosis has a very accurate mechanism that only appear on eukaryotes because the mitosis process only make one mistake every 100.000 cell division.
Mitosis phase can be dividing into interphase, prophase, promethapase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
1. Interphase is the process when cell prepare energy and substances for other cell division. On this phase chromosome unseen, but chromatin granules are clearly enough to seen.
2. Prophase is the process when chromatin become chromosome then become chromatid, and nucleolus is missing.
3. Prometaphase is the process when nuclear membrane ruptures and disappears.
4. Metaphase is the process when chromosome on the equator site
5. Anaphase is the process when chromatids move to the opposite site of each pole of the cell.
6. Telophase is the process when chromatin fibers uncoil and nucleoli reappear, at the end of this process parental cell divide into two with the same trait and number of chromosome.
b. Meiosis
Meiosis is a cell division cycle, the divide of the cell happen two times and give result four cell with half of number chromosome its parental. This cell division has two phases; there are meiosis I and meiosis II without interphase between that phase, interphase only happen at the beginning in cell cycle process.
Meiosis I can be describing as:
1. Interphase is the process when cell prepare energy and substances for other cell division. On this phase chromosome unseen, but chromatin granules are clearly enough to seen.
2. Prophase I is the process when homologous chromosomes come together as pair, so it become tetrad. Chromatid exchange segments in the process called crossing over.
3. Metaphase I is the process when tetrad on the equator site.
4. Anaphase I is the process when each homologous chromosomes move to the opposite pole of cell.
5. Telophase I is the process when chromatin become condense, nucleus reappear, then cytokinesis happen.
Meiosis II can be describing same as mitosis except on meiosis II the process doesn’t begin with interphase.
Reference:
Campbel et al.2008.Biology Concepts&Connections Sixth Edition.United States
Pratiwi, D.A et al.2007.Biologi Untuk Sma Kelas XII.Jakarta:hibeta
