Social Science

According to Sigmund Freud, the “id” is one of the three parts of the psyche. The other two are the “ego” and the “superego.” The id is pretty much the antithesis of the superego and vice-versa. It is up to…
Read more

If anything identifies Freud as an innovative thinker it is his claim that there is an ‘unconscious’ mind which importantly can be observed and understood using scientific methods – of which, more later. Many other thinkers such as William James…
Read more

I do not fear death and this is why! I know that is going to happen, and I have no fear of the unknown, for that very reason, if I am permitted to stay on this planet indefinitely and there…
Read more

Social movements begin when large people are of like minds on an issue, find conditions intolerable and are prevented from getting satisfaction by the authorities or the government. They can include forming worker’s unions, regular assemblies and protests, regular spates of rioting and violent…
Read more

The American environmental movements are commonly viewed as originating in the stereotypical left wing, hippie and outsider movements of society. But the actual origins of wide scale American attention to the effects of man on the environment lie in the movement to…
Read more

Since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, the tremendous potential of biotechnology has received increasing recognition. Currently, cloning has diversified into inter-related fields with the hope that it will provide a better future for mankind. However, with regards…
Read more

Using a simple definition, behavioural psychology is studying the behaviour of humans. Providing more clarity to this definition, it is a branch of psychology which focuses on the study and alteration of people’s actions, thoughts and emotions. Behavioral psychology is also…
Read more

Behavior modification is based on operant conditioning principles as observed and studied by B. F. Skinner, in which behavior that is reinforced (whether through rewards or incentives) tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends to die…
Read more

Abraham Maslow was a psychology and was mentored by anthropologist Ruth Benedict and Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer.  His research was on mental health and how to become a better person by creating a hierarchy of needs, metaneeds, metamotivation, self-actualization and…
Read more

Rationalization is an ego-defense mechanism that people use to make excuses for situations or events in their lives that they do not like. People use it often when they are angry, depressed, scared or hurt. The mechanism usually works negatively…
Read more