Physical Science

Comets are primarily rocky or dusty in nature, but also contain volatile compounds such as water or methane. They originate in the outer reaches of our solar system, or in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and “fall” toward…
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Compounds and mixtures are easy concepts to understand. Chemically the difference between them lies in their atoms and whether the atoms of different elements are chemically joined (compound) or just mingled (mixture) together. This chemical difference affects how compounds and…
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Highlands and maria characterize the Moon’s surface. Because the Moon has no atmosphere with which to destroy much of the incoming debris from outer space, such as meteorites and asteroids, the Moon’s surface is riddled with craters, highlands, and maria….
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Cold welding is the process of bonding two objects together without heat and without any melting taking place.  It is totally opposite of traditional welding as the two objects do not change state as they combine into one.  Objects that…
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On earth there are many things humans have spent decades or even centuries trying to figure out. The world is full of amazing things. Science and chemistry can often help explain many things that seem too remarkable to be true…
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All chemical reactions start with the reactants having some sort of energy activation that results in the bonding of the two material’s molecules and forms a new product. The most common form of energy is heat; either the chemical reaction…
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At any fireworks show, you will notice the different colors of fireworks. To any curious person, you are wondering how the fireworks get their different colors. When making the explosive powder for the fireworks, it is similar to mixing gunpowder…
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I was recently asked about orbital decay. I wasn’t sure how to explain it to my friend. So I did some research. What I found is that orbital decay is really quite fascinating. The definition of orbital decay is the…
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There is a simple formula to calculate the linear force from an applied torque but you first need to understand the concepts behind it. To begin with, it is necessary to know the definitions of the factors involved. Force or “Linear…
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Calcium (Ca) is a non-toxic alkaline earth metal. Alkaline earth metals are in the second group on the periodic table, with calcium being in period 4, atomic number 20. All of the elements in the group are very reactive and…
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