Physical Science

Water, that most essential of chemical substances on our planet, is a wonderful gift of nature that most living things cannot live without, especially us human beings. Water, in the form of oceans and lakes and other ‘bodies of water’…
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Beginning the search for the theory of everything Prologue I suppose “everything” has to begin somewhere – for me, it was Mother Cabrini Hospital in upper Manhattan, but physicists keep insisting it was the Big Bang. They are now hypothesizing…
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There are different definitions of acids and bases, each useful in their own contexts. An early one is that of Arrhenius, who defined acids as molecules with a hydrogen “an H” and bases as molecules with a hydroxide “an OH”….
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I may seem like a broken record but the old has become the new once again. We have stalled off our technology somewhat purposefully and somewhat in skepticism since we could not coclude a theory on things which we cannot…
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Formal charge can be calculated for any atom in a given Lewis Dot Structure.  The sum of all formal charges in a structure must equal the total charge of the structure.  Formal charges are a bookkeeping tool, used to evaluate…
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Advancements in science do not happen in a vacuum. Creating the atomic bomb was the work of large amounts of scientists drawing their inspiration from all sorts of sources, but perhaps the most important influence was a piece of science…
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With all due respect, perhaps it’s time for Steven  Hawking to retire, take down his “scientist” shingle, and quit embarrassing himself. While we all know today that the only kind of science that seems to sell books and Discovery channel…
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Wind is the main element contributing to the stability of an airplane. Aircraft require lift to remain airborne, lift generated by wind passing over the wings. The shape of a wing is such that the upper surface is longer then…
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Chlorine Symbol: Cl Atomic Number: 17 Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu (atomic mass units) Melting Point: minus 100.98 C (172.17 K, minus 149.764 F) Boiling Point: minus 34.6 C (238.55 K, minus 30.279997 F) Number of Protons: 17 Number of Electrons:…
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A satellite is any orbiting object that has been placed in orbit by human effort. Sometimes they are also referred to as artificial satellites, to distinguish them from natural orbiting objects such as the moon. Satellites serve us day and…
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