Physical Science

The applications of group theory can be subdivided generally into two broad areas:  where the underlying dynamic laws of interaction and therefore all the resulting symmetries are known exactly; the other where these are as yet unknown and only the…
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Laser light was first generated in 1960. Fifty years later, lasers are an everyday part of life we often take for granted. Theodore H. Maiman introduced the first functioning laser in 1960, but it was a far cry from the…
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AN INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS THAT ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHAT ARE MAGNETISM, GRAVITY, LIFE AND CONSCIOUSNESS?” After reading Bruno Maddox’s article “Blinded by Science” in the May 2008 issue of the science magazine “Discover”, I just can’t resist writing down…
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Since their conceptions, the theories made to explain quantum theory have been at odds with those used to explain relativistic physics. Einstein himself questioned the validity of quantum theory when it predicted that the spin of a particle was absolute…
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The Book of Optics is a medieval multiple-volume text pared by Alhacen, an 11th-century Arab physicist. (Alhacen is his Europeanized or Latin name; to the Muslim world, he was known by his given name, Ibn al Haytham.) Despite the name,…
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Backscatter x-ray technology is extensively used for airport security purposes. Originally introduced by Dr. Steven W. Smith in 1992 mostly as commercial devices, backscatter scanners detect radiation that bounces off the surface of the body and create its image with…
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Stephen Hawking recently stirred up some controversy by stating that human contact with an extraterrestrial species might not be a good thing—for humans. Some have responded to his assertion on the likelihood of life forms existing in other planetary systems…
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Time Machine Possibly the ultimate journey of all time would be not to travel to the stars or to another planet or even under the great depths of the ocean but rather through time itself. Time travelers could explore all…
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Our Solar System is not really significant: it is a tiny fraction of one percent of the galaxy, which is one of untold billions.  In a universe that extends for something like 45 billion light years across, it is too small…
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The Summer Solstice or the first day of summer The Summer Solstice usually begins every year on June 21 or the first day of summer. The solstice and equinox are days of change according to various cultures. Many cultures and…
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