Physical Science

Sugar is a repository of chemical energy. Your body breaks it down enzymatically to release that energy, powering most everything you do. Such a potent fuel, one would half expect it to burn easily. But then, if you take a…
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The volume of a gas changes with temperature, pressure and the number of molecules in the container. Early workers used experimental data to derive Charles Law and Henri’s Law. They recognized that these laws were imperfect in that they did…
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Titanium Symbol: Ti Atomic Number: 22 Atomic mass: 47.867 amu (atomic mass units) Melting Point: 1668 C (1941 K, 3034 F) Boiling Point: 3287.0 C (3560.15 K, 5948.6 F) Number of Electrons: 22 Number of Protons: 22 Number of Neutrons:…
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The chemistry of nitrogen containing organic compounds is mostly governed by the basicity and nucleophilicity of the electron lone pair on nitrogen except when there is more electronegative atom than nitrogen that is attached to nitrogen such as occurs in…
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Lemon water’s health benefits: Fresh lemons make water alkaline.  Just buy a fresh lemon, and wash it first. A teaspoon of baking soda in eight ounces of water will rid the rind of any chemicals.  Use a vegetable brush in…
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There are two basic definitions of metal, the astronomical one and the chemical one. Astronomically, “metals” can refer to all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. In chemistry, metal is used much more specifically. Metals are elements which form ionic…
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Enthalpy and entropy are terms commonly encountered in the field of thermodynamics. In a very simplified model of explanation, both the terms enthalpy and entropy are measure of energy. Before I continue with explaining each of them, I feel it…
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Chemical Equilibrium is defined as a state of reaction where the rate of change in the reactants and the products remains constant.  Note that the amounts of the different entities need not be constant, only their respective rates of change….
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The unusual Comet Elenin is expected to pass within 21 million miles of Earth on October 16, 2011 and speeding by at more than 85,000 mph—so fast it could travel from Earth to the Moon in less than five hours….
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Be it Hallowe’en or a youtuber’s B horror movie, realistic blood is a must. Nothing wrecks a good costume or film experience like bright red ketchup, red paint, or a simple corn-syrup-and-food-coloring mixture. It’s got to be dark and somewhat…
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