Physical Science

Neodymium is a member of the lanthanide family of elements. Its chemical symbol is Nd. Its atomic number is 60 and it was discovered in 1885 in Austria by Carl F.Auer von Welsbach. Its name means new twin, from the…
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We will discuss the types of chemical reactionsfrom two perspectives. Firstly, we will discuss the types of chemical reactions from a thermodynamic point of view followed by a mechanistic approach. We will mostly discuss organic reactions, because it is my…
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There was a time when recycling alone made a household or a company “green.” Now green chemistry requires adherence to EPA’s twelve Principles of Green Chemistry and the elimination of plastics labeled with the numbers 3, 6, and 7.  EPA…
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Ytterbium is a member of the lanthanides and one of the earth’s rare metals. Its chemical symbol Yb and its atomic number is 70. Ytterbium melts at 1092 K (819C or 1506F) and its boiling point is 1469 K (1196C…
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The element Samarium is a rare earth metal, and a member of the lanthanide family. The atomic number for samarium is 62. Its symbol is Sm. It was discovered in 1879 in Paris France by Lecoq de Boisbaudran. It was…
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Green Chemistry is making great leaps and bounds in the area of plastics.  Plastics are ubiquitous in our everyday life – we can scarcely imagine life without them.  However, the preparation and processing of plastics is a nasty, environmentally-messy process…
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Thermodynamics of chemical reactions has three basic laws which govern the behavior of chemical reactions. Classical thermodynamics Deals with chemical systems under equilibrium conditions. Two other areas which are related to thermodynamics. These are statistical thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodyamics. An…
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Water is the major part of our body. It is found inside cells as well as outside the cells, and in the plasma of blood. Intracellular water amounts approximately two thirds while the rest are found in the extracellular space,…
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Chemistry happens all around us every day, and can be used to explain many questions about the world that kids ask.  Chemistry is a great subject to expose kids to because of the dramatic demonstrations and experiments that can be…
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Liquid magnets, also known as ferrofluids, are colloidal suspensions of nanometer-scale magnetic materials in a liquid medium.  A typical ferrofluid might comprise about 5% by volume of iron oxide particles roughly 10 nanometers in size, about 85% of a carrier…
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