Physical Science

For many years, diesel has been overshadowed by petroleum as the dominant vehicle fuel. Despite having a higher energy density than gasoline (engines that run on diesel are nearly 30% more efficient than gasoline based engines), the pollutants released by diesel,…
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Aluminium is a metal that is placed in group 3 of the periodic table – which means that it has 3 electrons in its outer shell. It has a fairly low atomic mass of 27 – resulting in it being…
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The periodic table is a way of organising the chemical elements according to their atomic number and properties. With over 110 elements currently reconized a logical system for the classification of these elements is required. Until the seventeenth century, the…
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We all want to have a relaxed life, and so do atoms. Atoms, when alone, are high in energy and are unstable. To be in a more stable state, atoms form bonds. How does it form bonds? There are three…
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“Remember, remember the 5th of November, gunpowder, treason, and plot. I see no reason why gunpowder treason Will ever be forgot”. Only the English would celebrate a complete and utter failure in such style and with such passion as we…
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Cyclic voltammetry is a type of potentiodynamic electrochemical measurement, a technique used to measure potential at an electrode in an electrochemical cell.  Cyclic voltammetry is based on a linear potential waveform where potential is changed as a linear function of…
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Bisphenol A, or BPA, is a major component of modern conveniences.  According to bisphenol-A.org, it is used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, which comprise DVDs, electronics, cars, paint, adhesives, and food and beverage containers.  It is this last…
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Ferrates are environmentally friendly treatment ions that effectively treat a wide range of contaminants in water and wastewater. A need for an adequate supply of clean water is an issue faced by communities all over the world, particularly in semi-arid…
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Epsom salts have many uses.  They can be used to help swelling go down when the swollen place is soaked with Epsom salts and water.  They can be used to help your garden grow better by adding nutrients to the…
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The basic optical microscope is an invaluable tool, and one which has principles which were discovered hundreds of years ago and have advanced remarkably little. By bending light, objects can be made to appear larger, or smaller. As you near…
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