Physical Science

Going into a chemistry laboratory just about anywhere in the world will reveal a brightly colored poster of the periodic table on the wall. Most chemistry textbooks and just about every chemistry website have a copy of this table. It…
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Water is so incredibly important that without it, life as we know it could not exist. Yet it is often taken for granted. Chemically, water is formed when an atom of Oxygen combines with two atoms of Hydrogen. Oxygen is…
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Most of modern physical science, including modern chemistry and physics is based off of the concept of the electron.  Simply put, an electron is a subatomic particle that is so small that many people consider them to be point masses,…
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The average human will take approximately 15 breaths per minute, or 21,600 breaths per day, and not concern himself with the composition of the air he has breathed. Air is air, right? Read on to find out why air is…
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To find out the discovery of electrons we have to travel all the way back to 1898. Back then, scientists were working with electricity, even though they did not understand that electric currents were made up of electrons. The cathode…
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With strong evidence emerging that Europa—one of Jupiter’s most interesting moons—may contain huge life-giving waters under its icy surface, the probabilities now increase that life exists on at least several worlds in our solar system. Since 1976 it’s been thought…
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There are different methods of making invisible ink. Obviously, which method you will use depends on the purpose of the invisible ink will it be used by children playing games or by secret agents? As secret agents are unlikely to…
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The Chemistry of Water Water is an essential element of life, it makes up over two thirds of our own body mass. This colorless, odorless, amorphous liquid is the most precious resource of our planet and the only natural compound…
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Electrons and protons, along with neutrons, are parts of an atom. Protons have a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit (1/602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 of a gram) and an electrical charge of +1. Neutrons also have about the same mass as a…
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This pair of experiments uses gravimetric principles to determine basic chemical data. The first experiment finds the molar mass of magnesium, the second finds the formula of a hydrate. Both experiments are written in a format that can be fitted…
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