Medical Science

Imagine a surgeon who can perform surgery with extreme precision, smaller incisions, decreased blood loss, less pain, and quicker healing time. That is one of the primary roles of robotics in modern medicine. Although technically considered to be teleoperated devices,…
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TIA is an acronym for the medical condition known as Transient Ischemic Attack. A TIA, also known as a “mini-stroke” or a “brain attack,” is a short-lived occurrence of physical symptoms that are suggestive of a stroke that resolve (go…
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“Knowing when to adjust mechanical ventilator settings” is the third article in a series of articles written to help medical students understand mechanical ventilation. If you already get the basics of mechanical ventilation (FiO2, PEEP, tidal volume, RR), please read…
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Embryonic stem cells have amazing qualities. Created only days after an egg and sperm have come together, these few cells become the many that form the human body. Two unique characteristics (their capacity to continuously grow and divide, and their…
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The menstrual cycle is the beginning of the reproductive phase of a woman’s life, beginning when a girl hits puberty and ending with the onset of menopause. There are different phases that occur during this cycle, and understanding these phases…
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As everyone knows, blood is vital to human life. The average adult needs 5-6 litres of it, of which 45% is made up of blood cells. The cells are produced by a hemocytoblast cell (some call it a mother cell) in the…
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Epigenetics is a relatively new field of genetics and the term itself is only 60 years old, originally referring to a more broad concept of complex organism development. The epigenome is the pattern of chemical alterations on chromosomes, which result…
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), less commonly referred to as deoxyribose nucleic acid, was discovered in the 1800s by a Swiss biochemist named Miescher. In 1953, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin used breakthrough imaging techniques, specifically X-ray crystallography, to determine…
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Proteins are the result of gene expression. They are often referred to as gene products because of the central dogma of biochemistry: DNA to RNA to protein. Genes are expressed when they are “on”, meaning that their protein product is…
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WHAT IT MEANS TO BE COLOR BLIND For a small percentage of planet Earth’s population the world looks much different than it does for the rest of us. They are the 5% to 8% of men and .05% of women…
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