Medical Science

The heart is a brilliant muscle that is made up of two atrium and two ventricles. What happens, though, when there is a hole connecting the two ventricles when they should not be connected? Eisenmenger’s Syndrome is an instance when…
Read more

There was a point in the past, not too long ago, when my niece developed heavy menstrual bleeding, lasting up to twelve days.  Upon her doctor’s advice, she underwent a surgical procedure called dilatation and curettage.  The operation was quite…
Read more

Bone marrow is an integral part in the life of a human being, and it functions as the stemming-up region for many of the blood cells, including the red blood cells that carry oxygen from lungs to the other tissues….
Read more

When a stem cell divides, each new cell can either remain a stem cell or specialize into another type of cell, such as a muscle cell, skin cell, or red blood cell, to name just a few possibilities. These cells…
Read more

Like most of Oliver Sacks’s books, “Musicophilia” is a collection of case histories, or at least theories and musings based on case histories.  The unifying theme is that all the cases have something to do with music. For instance, there…
Read more

Associate Degree Nursing Programs Nursing programs are tackling the need to end the shortage of nurses, but the medical program requires a look at the means to provide for general nursing and for specialty nurses. A combination of nursing programs…
Read more

Sodium ions are very important physiologically due to their role in monitoring the function of the nervous system.  Sodium ions along with potassium ions regulate the function of the nervous system by maintaining an electric potential across the cellular membrane…
Read more

Oral rehydration salt-sugar solution (ORS) is a simple at-home concoction containing “a pinch of salt, a fistful of sugar, a half liter of water”. The solution was first taught in Bangladesh households 26 years ago, after being tested in a…
Read more

     Hematocrit, abbreviated Hct, is defined as the percentage of a person’s blood occupied by red blood cells (RBCs). It is calculated as follows: RBC Volume/ Total Blood Sample Volume  x 100 The normal Hct value for adult females ranges…
Read more

Patient 1 and 2 have the same plasma sodium concentration of 140mmol/L.  Patient 1 has an urine sodium concentration of 60 mmol/L. Patient 2 has an urine sodium concentration of 200 mmol/L. How can the plasma sodium concentration can be identical…
Read more