Earth Science

Before we can even begin this debate, it is crucial to get some background knowledge on how the atmosphere functions. Our atmosphere’s main purpose is to attempt to distribute energy from the sun equally across the planet. Tropical areas, which…
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Who was Norman L. Skene, an MIT graduate born 1878 and lived till 1932 and proved himself as nothing  but a genius of many different disciplines; i.e., a mathematician, a man of oceanographic physics, aerodynamics, designer, artist,  builder, engineer;  a…
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Biogenic deposits are fine-grained red, brown or light-colored skeletal remains of planktonic organisms that have been deposited on the ocean floor.  Biogenic deposits are referred to as oozes. There are two different groups of biogenic oozes; calcareous oozes and siliceous…
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According to scientists, the planet earth encounters cyclical cold extremes, which we have come to know as ‘ice ages’. In the 1920s, a mathematician named Milutin Milankovitch postulated a theory to describe this phenomenon based on several factors which later…
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The Ice Age, contrary to what we believe, has not ended; we are currently in the Holocene epoch, an interglacial, when the climate has warmed and most of the ice sheets have retreated, with the remaining glaciers being confined to…
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Far more deadly than sharks, rip currents claim the lives of over a hundred seaside swimmers and waders every year. All too many of these unfortunate occurrences happen where local authorities have posted prominent signs warning of the danger. Although…
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The spectacular phenomenon commonly known as ball lightning comprises one of the more fierce and frightening physical manifestations produced by Nature, such that those unfortunate enough to have experienced its violence remain forever fearful of storms that include the rumble of thunder and the…
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In the northern hemisphere the evenings become crisp and cool. The leaves are turning colors and giving us that beautiful reminder that the summer has ended. The autumnal equinox is upon us. There are some very clear features of the…
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Atmospheric pressure refers to a mass of air in the atmosphere, exerting weight over a unit of area. The pressure of air at any level in the atmosphere is measured by the total mass of air above any point. The…
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Off the shores of North Island New Zealand, a unique, potentially dangerous phenomenon continues to intrigue scientists and oceanographers worldwide. A huge methane seep, large enough to wreak havoc on Earth’s atmosphere by emission of greenhouse gas, sits 600-1200 meters…
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