Stalagmites are formed by dripping water coming out from the fractures on the ceiling of a cave. The dripping water contains mineralized solutions and carbon dioxide which build up on the floor of a cave, forming a stalagmite. Stalagmites are…
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Geological studies have brought many terms into the scientific vocabulary and ‘faults’ are one such term specifically used to describe ‘planar fractures or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement along the fracture as…
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Many people think affectionately of the Rocky Mountains as a hot chocolate sipping, ski lodge, playground. It is actually a combination of discontinuous mountains strung loosely together in a range of mountains. It extends from the eastern tip of Alaska…
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Active volcanoes in Antarctica The continent of Antarctica is perched in the center of the Southern Sea, yet despite the subzero temperatures the land and its surrounding area is dotted with more then thirty-five volcanos. Antarctica is the southernmost land…
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All data points to the sun as the primary source of short-term and long term climate change on Earth. While volcanic eruptions such as the current one in Iceland can affect short-term weather conditions over a region, planetary climate is…
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At one time, North America was a mostly flat land, largely covered by a shallow sea. The deposits of that ocean can still be found today, but the continent had few mountains. However, America now has several mountain ranges, including…
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Gem Materials of Mexico and Guatemala Opals:Mexico is famous for its “Fire Opal”, which is a type of opal rarely found in Australia. It is defined as a transparent to translucent stone with an orange to red body color which…
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By any measure, Australia is one of the world’s wealthiest countries in mineral and fuel resources. Mining contributes around 5.6% to Australia’s gross domestic product, and minerals make up 35% of Australia’s exports. Within its lands lie the world’s largest…
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The country of Iceland is one of the most volcanically active pieces of real estate on the planet and is a godsend for any volcanologists, perched atop the mid-ocean ridge fault line (a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the American…
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The evolution of the Earth is a fascinating subject although the term Evolution is not quite accurate when describing the Earth. The Earth no more evolved than a mountain range evolves. It is beautiful yes, complex and born of our…
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