Plankton are microscopic or macroscopic organisms of plant and animal origin found in the pelagic region of water bodies where sunlight penetration and nutrient availability are abundant. Plankton are defined based on the ecological niche they occupy rather than their…
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Vacationers considering traveling to the Caribbean are understandably wary of hurricanes. In recent years especially, the news seems to be full of Atlantic hurricanes battering one or more Caribbean islands. However, the risk of encountering a hurricane varies greatly from…
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During hurricane season, the Caribbean Sea is busy with tropical disturbances, tropical storms and hurricanes. A lazy tropical island getaway seem almost impossible during this time of year, but there are several islands that do not feel the force of the…
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A tsunami is also called a harbor wave. A tsunami is usually caused by a major disturbance like an earthquake, underwater explosions or volcanic eruptions. A tsunami is quite similar to a rapidly rising tide. They have a very long…
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Hurricane season begins June 1. For many families summer vacation begins soon after, many filled with dream-like visits to beautiful tropical islands. Prime hurricane breeding time comes in August and September. During these months there are countless news reports of…
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The biological composition of the Arctic and Antarctic seas shows very unique properties in recent days. The seas have very, very low temperatures and little or no sunlight. The water is acidic with hydrogen sulfide with low levels of chloride….
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Living on an active volcano is about as serene as anyone could imagine. That is because, Hualalai, the volcano upon which I sit as I type, has been relatively quiet for decades. However, on the other side of our island…
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The word plankton comes from the Greek word planktos, meaning “wanderers.” The name describes the ability of plankton to move on ocean currents. This motion is how plankton get from place to place where it can be used as a…
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It’s almost impossible to know the precise ways in which the core of the earth was formed but technology give us many clues. Many unanswered questions remain about what is at the center of the earth and what holds it…
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Imagine if you will a sphere, and approximately seventy-two percent of this sphere, is covered by a brackish mantle of ocean water, with an average depth of about 2 ½ miles. It is important to note that this mantle of…
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