A seamount is an undersea mountain which has not breached the ocean surface. Most seamounts are extinct volcanoes, but some, such as Lohi in the Hawai’ian archipelago, are still active. If a seamount grows above the ocean surface, it becomes…
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Rocks vary in several ways. Some are soft and crumbly – others are immensely hard and resistant. Some allow water to pass through them – others are totally impermeable. Some have crystals – others don’t, and some form layers or…
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A volcano is a geological fracture or opening in the Earth’s crust caused by tremendous internal forces, such as pressure and temperature inside the Earth. These dynamic internal forces push magma and gases up through a volcano’s vent. Once these…
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The AtmosphereThe atmosphere is what you might call the sky. Its everywhere around you, and contains the air you breathe, with all the other gasses pulled in by earth’s gravity. It reaches over 560 km from the earth, or 348…
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Also referred to as seaquakes, underwater earthquakes occur beneath or at the bottom of water bodies, most especially oceans as the name suggests. Those that occur beneath oceans to trigger tsunamis are also identified as seaquakes. Unlike normal earthquakes, which…
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The Antarctic glaciers are melting faster than ever before. In fact, the rate of melting in some glaciers is twice as fast as it was just 15 years ago. Part of the reason for this is that Antarctic shelf ice,…
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Volcanoes have been around for millions of years. They are both incredibly destructive and beautifully life-forming. Volcanoes are openings on the surface of the Earth that allow hot liquids and gases to come forth from below. When the volcano erupts,…
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Many of us are concerned about the environment. Defining what ‘excessive’ carbon really means is the hard part. For instance, most carbon in our atmosphere exists as carbon dioxide. However, levels of carbon dioxide have been far greater in the…
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There are many minerals in seawater. Seawater contains dissolved salts, dissolved gases and particulate matter. Almost every element is represented to some degree. The practice of extracting salt from sea water by evaporation is very ancient. In France the Fleur…
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There are many factors that will fall into place as global warming continues. Yes, the entire world is now concerned and we are scrambling for a quick fix; at least the well informed are. Because no one really knows what…
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