The Ordovician period is a part of the Paleozoic era. It occurred between the Cambrian and Silurian Eras millions of years ago. The Ordovician was at first thought to be part of the previous periods, but in 1879, Sir Charles…
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The Mesozoic period was a time of great change on Planet Earth. The climate and plant life that saw the rise of the dinosaurs looked much different than it does today. The climate was generally hotter during this period, though…
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The Earth’s atmosphere formed following the initial coalescence of the Earth-Moon system, estimated to be 4.5 billion years ago. It would be unthinkable for most present-day organisms to attempt to live in that environment. The primary component of the atmosphere…
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Most people when they think of vanilla will think of ice cream; vanilla ice cream is after all the most widespread of all ice cream flavourings. Vanilla though is an ingredient in many things, from food and drink, to medicines…
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The expedition by the HMS Challenger between the years of 1872 and 1876 is one of the most important scientific voyages to have ever taken place. The voyage was essentially the first focused on the widespread and thorough exploration of…
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The search for element 113 is not a new one. Scientists in Japan have been smashing atoms for 9 years in attempts to create the element and claim to have three atoms completed. But scientists from the US and Russia…
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The Gulf of Mexico has surface and deep currents. The surface currents are considered to be shallower than 500 meters. At 200 meters or less, the wind is considered to be the cause. Deeper, the relationship between the water and…
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Ocean dead zones are ocean regions where the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water has fallen so low that most or all marine life is incapable of surviving and has either died or fled to nearby, more oxygen-rich areas….
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The Northeastern Gulf of Mexico is on the minds of billions throughout the world right now due to the biggest environmental disaster in US history. Now that it is about to be damaged for the foreseeable future and beyond, there is…
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An ichthyologist is a scientist who specializes in studying fish, including rays and sharks. There are currently about 30,000 known fish species, making this group larger in terms of total number of species than all birds, reptiles, and mammals put…
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