Earth Science

Many people wonder why, when you are out snorkeling or diving you can see different things on different parts of the reefs. One section can be covered with green wrasses and yet 20 feet away there isn’t a fish of…
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Lakes affect climate in a lot of different ways. They’re a heat sink, so it takes them a long time to heat up to air temperature or cool down enough to freeze. Lake breezes can warm the climate in winter…
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“This lake has to be saved” cried Wakil Bakar from the Lake Chad Basin Commission.  The lake is shared by four countries.  It is a source of water to both humans and livestock.  Its shrinkage represents a huge threat.  Alas…
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Temperate soils exist under all types of conditions, including within forests, rain forests and in grasslands, but all have several key things in common. Temperate soils have a rich upper level that is high in minerals and nutrients, and in all cases…
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Temperate shrub land or chaparral is a dry-weather biome, an area with distinctive climate and animal and plant species.  Pockets of temperate chaparral exist in multiple countries including the Central Coast of California, the West Coast of South America, parts…
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Lake Chad, once the sixth largest lake in the world, and Africa’s largest inland lake, has long been a vital part of the ecology and economies of its four bordering nations (Chad, Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon). Some 20 to 30…
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To truly understand if a tsunami will occur, one must first understand what a tsunami is and how exactly it is occurs. A tidal wave is not a tsunami. That must be understood from the beginning if one is to…
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Around the globe, the water crisis continues to effect those that can least afford it, the children. Each day it is estimated that 4,500 die because of the lack of safe drinking water. (1) This critical ingredient is needed in…
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An anemometer is an instrument which measures wind. They come in two main types, those which measure wind speed and those which measure wind pressure. Many anemometers also show wind direction. Wind speed and direction are part of the data…
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Anemometers are devices used to measure wind speed. Anemometers which are used at weather stations., were thought to come into existence around the year 1450.There are two major classes of anemometers; one which measures the winds velocity, the other which measures wind pressure….
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