The primary difference between hard water and soft water is the amount of earth minerals present in the water even after it is treated enough for human use. Hard water contains more particles of minerals including calcium and magnesium. Water…
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Mysterious Devils Tower, called Mato Tipila in Lakota, is an igneous landform. It may be a volcanic plug that formed in the throat of an ancient volcano, but more likely it is a laccolith, an igneous intrusion that formed when…
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Waves are natural phenomena best described as a form of movement through a medium such as a liquid, semi-solid or elastic and even air. Wave movement will often be characteristic of transference of energy such as a radio wave that…
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When you live in an urban area you can never get away from noise. Traffic, radios, televisions, sirens from emergency vehicles, the noise of other people around just living, all add to the cacophony of sound that pollutes people’s lives….
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Environmental consequences of prolonged drought Prolonged drought, a condition where and an area experiences lengthy absence of rainfall have various but intense consequences on the environment. It is difficult to address drought withought touching on climate change. The two are…
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Wild fire is a danger in any community, city or location that you live. Fires occur in all parts of the country as well as the world, some areas obviously more than others. They can be small or large causing…
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How Brown Clouds Cause Environmental Damage The greatest damage being done by brown clouds, also known as Atmospheric Brown Clouds, or ABCs, may be the damage to glaciers, especially those glaciers that provide the headwaters for most Asian rivers. These…
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Turbidites are sedimentary deposits laid down by underwater landslides. Course sediment is carried far away from shorelines where they are later deposited. As a result these deposits disrupt the natural sedimentary processes that normally exist. Areas that see most of…
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A journey to Mars can be made relatively safely with acceptable hazards for the crew, but not by conventional means. After nearly a decade of research for my first novel, “Trajectories,” I realized that for a “practical” manned mission to…
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Farmers and city planners are acutely aware of the need for a reliable water supply. Most of us take water for granted. After all, even though it sometimes doesn’t rain when we want it too, there’s water as near as…
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