The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that acts as a kind of scaffolding, giving shape and protection to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic biological cells. However this minute network does much more than keep the cell in its proper…
Read more
Stem cells have received a great deal of public attention over the past few years due both to their interesting biological characteristics and their therapeutic potential. What makes stem cells unique over other cells found in the human body is…
Read more
Ribosomes are tiny cellular workshops where proteins, also known as polypeptides, are assembled, in the process known as translation. Messenger RNA, or mRNA, transcribed from DNA, is the template for synthesis of proteins essential for biological function. During translation amino…
Read more
Cytoskeletal proteins make up the cytoskeleton of a cell, which is the basic structural framework providing the cell a shape and providing internal transport pathways, aiding in cell division, and performing functional tasks, such as motion. The cytoskeleton is traditionally…
Read more
Biological membranes encircle eukaryotic cells and their components, or organelles. Membranes allow selective permeability to the cell or organelle, and prevent spontaneous diffusion of water and other molecules. Thanks to the surrounding membrane, idyllic conditions, such as pH and ionic…
Read more
In the early years of the twentieth century, researchers began to realize a connection between genes and proteins. This groundbreaking realization of George Beadle and Edward Tatum (Campbell, 2005) came years before the knowledge needed to understand the nuts and…
Read more
The application of genetic engineering on human beings relates to the controlled alteration of all the genes in the human chromosomal. Deoxyribonucleic acid, otherwise known as DNA, is responsible for the genetic characteristics for every living organism. It can influence…
Read more
Mutations have worked hard over the last few millennia to turn us from bacteria into complex sentient life forms capable of writing on a world-wide electronic net. The basics. And for all that hard work they usually only get press…
Read more
The majority of human genes are expressed in forms of proteins. In order for these proteins to be produced, DNA has to replicate, and than transcribe for RNA. DNA is a double stranded helix which is wound tightly. Making up…
Read more
There are many things that give people the shivers at the mere thought of having to make contact through touch. Toads, unfortunately, have this reputation. These amphibians are by no means beauty pageant winners with their rough, wart-covered skin. A…
Read more