Cells are the smallest of living matter. They were discovered by Robert Hooke (1635-1703) who was a curious individual that wore many hats. As he was looking through a microscope at a piece of cork wood, he saw what reminded…
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Evidence of evolution is in the genetic blood disorders which fight malaria. These disorders are aspects of evolution which are both terrible disorders and protective mechanisms. Malaria is historically one of the biggest killer of humans in the history of our…
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The American Black bear, which originally inhabited practically all the wooded areas from Central Mexico up to North America, is in much lower numbers, and has been eliminated from much of its original breeding grounds by hunting and removal of…
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In order to understand why bears hibernate, it is first important to understand what hibernation is. In addition, it does need to be pointed out that bears don’t truly hibernate. Rather they fall into a deep sleep that can last…
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Cells in the body that are excitable and which communicate with each other through an action potential are cells of the nervous system that are called neurons. This is in addition to muscle cells which are also excitable and contract…
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In spring, summer, and autumn, the woodlands, pastures, gardens and parks are brimming with life. You can hear it all around you, birds singing, and insects buzzing and other animals and creatures scurrying to and fro, going about their daily lives….
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With the release of March of the Penguins and Happy Feet, two enormously popular movies featuring penguins, millions of viewers fell in love with these adorable, plucky, flightless birds. Looking like odd little cartoon characters in formal attire, these aquatic…
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Bengal tigers are magnificent creatures and many are found living in the Sundarban mangrove forests, which are located in the Eastern region of Bangladesh and India. Being carnivores, the Sundarban forest is a perfect hunting ground for the Bengal tiger,…
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The Arctic Fox is native to cold Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere including Greenland, Iceland, Russia, Canada, Alaska and Scandinavia – All the lands of the circumpolar Arctic and all three tundra biomes: Arctic tundra, Antarctic tundra and alpine…
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Phospholipids can be classified according to several schemes; however, I find it useful to think of them in terms of structural and functional categories. Structural phospholipids comprise the majority of lipid bilayers found in eukaryotic cell membranes and organelles as well as internal membrane systems, including…
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