Biology







Life Cycle of a Conifer

Cedar, redwood, hemlock, spruce, and pine are all conifers. Conifers are gymnosperms. That is, they are trees, or occasionally shrubs, that bear naked seeds in cones. They never bear flowers, as most people understand flowers. In the commonest plants, the…
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The Evolution of Sharks

In September 2003, Randall Miller, a paleontologist from the New Brunswick Museum, found the oldest intact shark fossil ever, taking us back 410 million years. This example of Doliodus problematicus is only 9 inches long but shares the essential shark…
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The Eating Habits of Octopuses

The eating habits of octopi (a.k.a. “Octopuses” or “Octopodes”) are similar, although there are numerous known species. They are considered the most intelligent invertebrates (animals without skeletons) and can employ different ways of hunting, capturing, and eating their prey. Octopi…
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