A species is considered functionally extinct when that species cannot be found anywhere in natural environments, or if mating pairs number so few there is virtually no chance of their species’ survival. Among animals that are now considered functionally extinct just…
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Epigenetics is the study of heritable factors which are not directly based on the genetic code. In addition to non-genetic “cellular memory,” which records developmental and environmental cues for DNA and RNA expression, epigenetics also covers heredity in molecules other…
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DNA paternity testing makes it possible to, with a very high degree of certainty, determine the identity of a child’s biological father. Here’s how. * What Is DNA? * Everyone, except identical twins, has a unique set of genetic instructions…
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Plant morphology is a field of botanic biology, researching the form and structure of plants according either to: – their biological function – a pre-defined morphological system (by comparing plant features against the system) – experimental morphology (by changing the…
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There are basic differences that exist between pine and fir trees. Some of these differences are botanical name, native ranges and cone shape. They also have different foliage characteristics. You can tell the difference between the two by focusing on…
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Phytoplankton are microscopic one-celled plants that are at the base of the aquatic food chains. Phytoplankton usually thrive in the upper sunlit layer of the world’s oceans, lakes and rivers. This allows them to use the energy from the sun…
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Artificial photosynthesis refers to artificial chemical processes which are intended to synthesize the photosynthesis process which plants use to produce oxygen and nutrients from carbon dioxide, sunlight and water. To date researches have yet to develop many energy-efficient artificial photosynthesis…
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Zygodactylous (pronounced zai-go-DAKT-uh-lus) is an anatomical term used in zoology. It refers to hands or feet with two or three toes pointing forward and two pointing backward. The term is most often used in ornithology, as a description of the…
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Chlamydophila pneumoniae, as the name suggests, usually causes a form of pneumonia. The organism used to be known as Chlamydia pneumoniae. It is a very small bacterium measuring between 0.2 to 1 micrometers. Like all members of the Chlamydiae, it…
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Though the theory of evolution is most often associated with the work of naturalist Charles Darwin, he is only one of the many scientists who have contributed to compiling what is now known about this most basic biological fact –…
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